Blog posts of '2024' 'September'

Whether you plan to use a starter fertilizer or soil biologicals, applying these liquids requires a proper pump. There are many different options available which makes selecting the best option important. Fortunately, most pumps can work in several different applications, the key is identifying a pump that will best handle your liquid, deliver your desired application rate and pressure to fit your system, and provide long-term value.

The sales crew at Dultmeier has been helping to set up planter fertilizer systems for decades. In this guide, we'll explore the various pump options for planters, delving into the strengths and weaknesses of each. From the high-volume capabilities of centrifugal pumps to the precise metering of piston pumps, and everything in between, we'll cover all you need to know to find options that will best meet your needs.

 

 

How to Choose a Fertilizer Pump for a Planter

When using a pump on a planter to apply fertilizer your focus should be on accuracy and reliability. A variety of different pumps can accomplish this, but they achieve this through various means, so that means there are pros and cons to each different type.

What to consider when comparing different types of fertilizer pumps:

• Durability: Pumps are made from different materials with varying degrees of resistance or durability when used in rugged conditions with corrosive & abrasive fertilizers.
• Serviceability: Some pump types are easier to rebuild than others.
• Flow Rate: There are pumps available to produce varying flow rates, so first determine your required flow rate per minute and identify a pump that will deliver this rate plus some cushion for agitation and increases in speed or application rate.
• Priming/Suction: Consider the pump's priming capabilities, especially in situations where it needs to draw fertilizer from a tank set below the pump level.
• Precision: Assess how accurately the pump can deliver the specified amount of fertilizer. Precision is crucial for consistent application and to avoid wastage or crop damage.
• Compatibility: Ensure the pump is compatible with the type of fertilizer being used. This includes checking for chemical compatibility with the fertilizer to prevent corrosion.
• Drive Type: Pumps can be driven by different means, such as PTO, hydraulic, or electric motors. Consider the available power sources on your equipment and how the drive type fits into your existing setup.
• Complexity: Some pumps are more complex in design, requiring more expertise to install and maintain. Simpler designs may be more user-friendly but could lack advanced features.
• Cost: Balance the upfront cost of the pump with long-term operational costs, including maintenance, repairs, etc. A more expensive pump may offer better durability and efficiency, reducing overall costs in the long run.
• Fit: Ensure the pump fits physically and functionally with your current equipment. This includes mounting options, connections, and space availability on your planter or tractor.

 

Consider the Overall Fertilizer System

Pumps are just one part of the entire fertilizer application system. The plumbing, control valves, nozzles, etc. work together with the pump to meter and distribute the liquid. The type of pump you use will affect how the rest of the system needs to be put together. The best pump for you will depend on the specific things you need your system to do.

Choosing the right pump requires that you know what type of system you desire. You might desire simplicity and ease of operation, or you might need more precision and the ability to vary your rate automatically. These pump features along with the available drive type and your budget will ultimately determine the pump that will work best.

 

 

We go into greater detail on the overall fertilizer system in our guide to planter fertilizer setups, but here are some of the main types of systems and how they differ:

• 12-volt Pressure Based: a 12-volt pump controlled via a rheostat
• Ground Drive: pumps driven by planter wheel or ground drive assembly, application rate is maintained automatically as planter speeds up or slows down
• Automatic Rate Control: The flow rate is automatically controlled with a rate controller, regulating valve, GPS/speed sensor, and flowmeter. Also allows for rate changes from the cab.
• PWM: automatic rate control with rate controller; pump motor speed is adjusted with a PWM valve or motor instead of using a conventional regulating valve.

 

Different Fertilizer Pump Types Used on Planters

Many of the types of pumps used on planters are similar to those used on a sprayer. There are also pumps designed specifically for planters/toolbars such as squeeze pumps and ground-driven piston pumps. You can see more specific details in our guide to sprayer pumps, but the basic types are:

• Centrifugal Pumps
• Diaphragm Pumps
• Piston Pumps
• Squeeze Pumps

Let's examine each type of pump used and identify the scenarios they work for applying fertilizer on a planter.

 

Centrifugal Pumps

The same type of hydraulic-driven centrifugal pumps used on sprayers can be used as a fertilizer pump on a planter. Centrifugal pumps are available that can provide flow rates well over 200 gallons per minute. If you have hydraulic outlets available, then they are a great option, especially for higher volume rates and larger planters.

 

 

For example, if you have a 24-row planter and want to apply a rate of 50 gallons per acre at 5 mph, you need more than 20 gallons per minute from your pump. So, at a minimum, you want a pump that can deliver this flow rate. To be safe you would want a pump that can deliver more than this to account for increases in speed, rate, and agitation.

Now, when these pumps are used on a sprayer, they are generally handling a liquid that is mostly water. On a planter, you are likely dealing with 100% fertilizer or a diluted solution of fertilizer, water, etc.

To handle the abrasive and corrosive nature of fertilizers, stainless steel pumps are recommended. Cast iron and poly will work, but they typically do not last as long. While stainless is usually the best option, it does depend upon the specific type of fertilizer or liquid being used. Many centrifugal pump manufacturers, like Ace and Hypro, offer a severe-duty mechanical shaft seal that is made to hold up better to abrasive material. Standard seals will work, but again, they may not last as long.

It is always vital with a standard centrifugal pump that you don't run it dry. This will knock out the seal quickly. However, there are "wet seal" centrifugal pumps that are protected from running dry. These pumps have a reservoir with a coolant/anti-freeze to lubricate the pump so if the pump is starved of fluid, the seal is still lubricated.

Pros of Using Centrifugal Pumps for Planter Fertilizer Application:

• High volume
• Easy to maintain and rebuild
• Good for 2x2
• Long service life, especially stainless steel

Cons of using a centrifugal pump on a planter:

• Hydraulic outlets needed
• Cannot run dry (unless wet seal pump)
• Straight centrifugal pumps are not self-priming and are limited in where they can be installed.

System Requirements When Using a Centrifugal Pump:

Centrifugal pumps need a mechanism to control the flow. Typically, this requires a flow meter, regulating valve or PWM hydraulic motor, along with GPS or speed sensor, and a rate controller. Centrifugal pump setups are relatively more expensive than some other setups.

For more information on the overall fertilizer setup including controls, monitoring, and metering, refer to our full guide to planter fertilizer systems.

Centrifugal Pumps Options for Planters:

• Standard Hydraulic Driven Pumps
• PWM Hyd Motor Pumps

 

12-Volt Diaphragm Pumps

One of the most cost-effective ways to get a starter fertilizer applied is with a 12-volt diaphragm pump. They are especially convenient for someone wanting to add a simple setup to a planter that can be installed easily. 12-volt diaphragm pumps do have some limits. They have a maximum effective flow of about 3-6 GPM. This means they are suited for application rates of up to about 10 GPA for smaller planters (6-12 rows) and about 5 GPA for larger planters (24 row+).

 

 

12-volt pumps are small and lower cost than other types of pumps. They can be easily installed about anywhere you can supply 12-volt power. It is also easy to adjust the pump output using a rheostat motor controller. This simple controller lets you increase or decrease the pump output from the cab as you speed up or slow down.

Advantages of 12-Volt Diaphragm Pumps:

• Low cost relative to other pump types
• Simple and easy to install

Disadvantages of Diaphragm Pumps for Fertilizer:

• Lower flow compared to other pump types
• Typically do not last as long as other pump types

System Requirements for 12-Volt Diaphragm Pumps:

A complete setup requires a pump speed controller, flow monitors, and orifice discs to regulate the output of the pump and apply the correct amount of liquid. This is one of the simplest and lowest-cost ways to apply a starter fertilizer in-furrow.

Dultmeier offers 12-volt pump kits that include the pump, monitors, speed controller, and plumbing components to install on your planter. Be sure to check this page for a complete list of the kit components. Don't worry we can make any changes to the kit if you need it!

 

Hydraulic Driven Diaphragm Pumps

12-volt electric is not the only type of diaphragm pump that can be used to apply fertilizer. A larger, high-pressure diaphragm pump is another option that delivers more flow and much higher pressures than the small 12-volt motor versions.

 

 

These pumps have excellent suction lift, meaning more flexibility where they are installed vs centrifugal pumps that need to be flooded. These pumps can handle thick and viscous fertilizers with high solid content. The gearbox is lubricated with oil. There is virtually no concern if you run the pump dry.

This type of diaphragm pump can be driven via a number of different means. Ground drive, engine, etc. The most common option on planters is a hydraulic motor. This may be a conventional hydraulic motor or PWM controlled motor.

Advantages of Diaphragm Pumps:

• High volume potential
• Higher pressure capability compared to other pump types
• Self-priming
• Can run dry
• Ability to handle viscous products

Disadvantages of Diaphragm Pumps for Fertilizer:

• Lower flow compared to centrifugal pumps
• Requires pressure relief valve
• Routine maintenance required

Diaphragm Pump System Requirements:

A diaphragm pump setup will require a rate controller with a flow meter and a regulating valve to control the amount of fertilizer you apply. Diaphragm pumps with PWM hydraulic motors are also available. With PWM you still need the controller and flow meter but instead of using a regulating valve to control flow, the PWM controls the speed of the pump.

 

Piston Pumps

Piston pumps are another type of positive displacement pump used in several different industries. As you might have guessed, a piston pump gets its name from the mechanical means used to move the fluid. In this case, a reciprocating piston forces draws liquid in and forces it out of the pump chamber.

 

 

There are specific piston pumps designed for the agriculture world. The NGP series piston pump from John Blue is an extremely effective tool for liquid fertilizer application on planters, side dress machines, and other toolbars. They offer a very accurate way to apply fertilizers at a constant rate. These pumps can be driven in several ways, but the most common drive types when used on planters are ground drive and hydraulic drive.

Advantages of Piston Pumps for Fertilizers:

• Priming Capability - these pumps can prime or pull liquid from longer distances when compared to other pump types.
• Extremely accurate despite varying temperatures
• Auto-adjusting for speed changes (maintains application rate)
• Constructed of durable cast iron and stainless components. Properly maintained pumps can last many years.
• Field Serviceable

John Blue Piston Pump Service & Repair Video:

 

Disadvantages:

• Gritty products can damage pistons
• Lower flow compared to centrifugal pumps

Piston Pump System Requirements

As mentioned earlier, there are two main ways to drive a piston pump: ground drive or hydraulic.

Ground drive either with a dedicated ground drive assembly or planter hex shaft. Ground drive pumps offer extremely accurate performance and do not require all the electronic components like flow meters, regulating valves, or rate controllers.

Ground-driven pumps do require that you calculate the proper pump setting and select sprockets to ensure the crankcase of the pump is rotating at the speed needed to deliver your desired rate. John Blue provides a tool that lets you quickly determine the correct settings with their NGP piston pump setting calculator.

From there you simply need to ensure that you evenly distribute the liquid among each row. This will require a flow divider manifold or orifice discs as well as a set of site gauges to monitor the flow going to each row.

 

John Blue Ground Drive Piston Pump options:

• NGP Series

Ground Drives:

• Universal ground drive assy
• Planter hex shaft drive assy

NGP Piston Pumps with Hydraulic Motor

If you prefer, you can drive an NGP piston pump with a hydraulic motor. The motors have a PWM valve that allows you to control your rate by varying the speed of the motor. While this method does not require a regulating valve, you will need a GPS/speed sensor and a flow meter in addition to a rate controller.

• John Blue NGP PWM Hyd Piston Pumps

 

Squeeze Pumps

A squeeze pump is unique in that it is designed specifically for planters. They are effective at accurately and evenly distributing fluid over each row. They do not require any additional components such as rate controllers, regulating valves, distributors, etc. Just typical plumbing and sight gauges if desired.

 

 

Advantages of Squeeze Pumps

• Simplicity
• Maintains rate when you speed up or slow down
• Pump stops when the planter stops

Disadvantages of Squeeze Pumps

• Not as versatile as other pump types
• Limited pump options available (6 row, 8 row, 12 row, 16 row)

System Requirements for Squeeze Pumps

A fertilizer setup using a squeeze pump is very simple. The pump is ground-driven, so the output is directly related to the speed of the planter. This means you dial in the output you need, and your desired application rate is maintained. There is no need for regulating valves or electronic flow meters.

The pump also serves as the manifold that evenly distributes the liquid over each row. The only additional components you need would be flow monitors so you can watch each row for plugs or low flow.

• Squeeze Pumps
• Squeeze Pump Flow Monitors

 

Conclusion

In conclusion, selecting the best fertilizer pump for your planter system requires careful consideration of several factors, including the type of fertilizer, flow rate needs, precision, and compatibility with your setup. Each pump type-from centrifugal and diaphragm to piston and squeeze pumps-offers unique strengths and trade-offs. Whether you prioritize high volume, precision desired, or simplicity, there's a pump to meet your specific requirements.

At Dultmeier, we understand that no two planter setups are exactly the same, and our team has decades of experience helping customers choose the right pumps for their systems. Whether you need a robust hydraulic-driven pump for high-volume applications or a simple 12-volt diaphragm pump for a smaller planter, we're here to guide you through the selection process. Don't hesitate to reach out for personalized recommendations or browse our selection of pumps and complete fertilizer systems to get started!

A sprayer's job is to distribute fluid over a designated area. No matter what type of sprayer at the center of the system is a pump. There are nearly endless different types of sprayers. They are built for several applications and require different types of pumps to deliver the flow characteristics necessary to complete those different spraying tasks.

At Dultmeier Sales, pumps are not just the center of a sprayer, they are at the center of our business. We sell, service, and support a wide variety of pumps for all types of sprayers. In addition, we prioritize understanding the different types, how they operate, and what pump works best on different sprayers.

In this guide, we will look at all the different types of pumps used on sprayers. We will examine how each pump operates and how they compare in terms of flow rate and pressure. In addition, we will offer real examples so you can see exactly how each pump is used. You'll be able to understand what type of sprayer pump will work for your application.

Different Types of Sprayer Pumps

While there are several variations of each type, the different pumps used on sprayers are centrifugal, roller, diaphragm, and piston pumps. Each pump is unique in its design and performance. Let's explore each type to understand how they operate and when to use them.

Centrifugal Pumps

• Pump Family: Centrifugal
• GPM Range: 0 to 500+
• PSI Range: 0 to 150

Centrifugal pumps use an impeller to move water or other fluids by using centrifugal force. They are known for their ability to move high volumes of liquid at relatively low pressure. The most common centrifugal pump type used on a sprayer is a straight centrifugal pump. Self-priming pumps can be used, but a straight centrifugal pump is typically more efficient and capable of developing higher operating pressure.

A self-priming pump is capped at about 40-60 PSI depending on the specific pump. The straight centrifugal pumps designed for use on sprayers can produce well over 100 PSI. They are intended to accommodate the high travel speeds of self-propelled sprayers combined with the expanded operating ranges of modern sprayer nozzles.

Common Centrifugal Sprayer Pump Applications

• Agricultural Spraying: Boom sprayers, fertilizer toolbars, boomless sprayers, fertilizer delivery on planters.
• Turf and Landscape: Golf course sprayers, sports field sprayers, large acreage sprayers.
• Industrial Uses: Salt brine trucks and trailers, water trucks for dust control.

Advantages of Centrifugal Sprayer Pumps

• High Volume Output: Centrifugal pumps can handle large volumes of liquid, making them suitable for applications requiring substantial flow rates.
• Durability: These pumps are robust and can handle abrasive and corrosive chemicals, making them versatile for various spraying tasks.
• Simplicity: The design is straightforward, which makes maintenance and troubleshooting easier compared to more complex pump types.
• Cost-Effective: Generally, centrifugal pumps are less expensive to manufacture and maintain, providing a cost-effective solution for many users.

Disadvantages of Centrifugal Sprayer Pumps

• Low pressure: Centrifugal sprayer pumps have lower pressure capabilities compared to some other types of pumps like piston or diaphragm pumps. While centrifugal pumps can move high volumes of liquid, they do so at relatively low pressures.
• Cannot Run Dry*: Running a centrifugal pump without fluid can cause significant damage to the pump. A centrifugal pump requires fluid in the pump case to lubricate the seal. *There are lubricated seals or "wet" seal centrifugal pumps that can run dry.

Centrifugal Pump Drive Types

• Hydraulic
• PTO
• Belt Driven
• Engine Driven

Parts of a Centrifugal Sprayer Pump

• Impeller: The heart of the pump, which is responsible for imparting kinetic energy to the liquid. The design and size of the impeller significantly affect the pump's performance.
• Casing: Encases the impeller and directs the flow of liquid. It also helps convert kinetic energy into pressure energy.
• Seal: Prevents leaks and maintains the pump's integrity by keeping the liquid within the system.
• Suction and Discharge Ports: Inlet and outlet points through which the liquid enters and exits the pump.

You can find a more detailed examination of centrifugal pump components and how they affect the performance of a pump in this guide to centrifugal pumps for fertilizer.

View All Centrifugal Pump Options

 

Roller Pumps

• Pump Family: Positive Displacement
• GPM Range: 2 to 60
• PSI Range: Up to 300
• Applications: Small and medium-sized boom sprayers, turf sprayers

Roller pumps use rollers inside a cylindrical housing to move liquid. As the rollers rotate, they create a vacuum that draws liquid in and then pushes it out. Roller pumps are very common on 3-point sprayers crop and turf boom sprayers, because they are self-priming, develop consistent pressure, and are less expensive compared to other types of sprayer pumps.

A roller pump is part of the positive displacement pump family. This means that a consistent volume of fluid is delivered with each cycle (in this case shaft revolution), regardless of the discharge head in the system. Simply put, you can spray at 60 psi if you want because the pump overcomes the restriction in the system. With a centrifugal pump, the system restriction will affect your operating pressure much more.

The larger roller pumps can produce about 50-60 GPM, limiting the size of the sprayer they can be used on. A roller pump can be repaired but the standard cast iron housings do have a limited life span. Friction eventually wears the pump housing to a point where the pump will no longer work efficiently.

To combat the wear and corrosion of agrochemicals and fertilizers, there are Ni-resist and Silvercast pump housings that last much longer than the standard cast iron roller pumps.

Advantages

• Pressure Output: Capable of producing consistent and generally higher pressure than a centrifugal pump.
• Self-Priming: Can draw liquid from a lower level, making them easy to start and use.
• Compact Design: Small and easy to integrate into different spraying systems.
• Can Be Reversed: Many roller pump models can be reversed so you can drive it either clockwise or counterclockwise. Consult the manual of your specific pump for details.
• Cost: Less expensive compared to other sprayer pump types. Especially when PTO driven since it does not require an engine or hydraulic motor.

Disadvantages

• Wear and Tear: Rollers wear out, especially when used with abrasive chemicals.
• Limited Flow Rate: Not suitable for applications requiring high flow rates.
• Maintenance: Regular maintenance is required to ensure optimal performance.
• Limited Lifespan: Wear and corrosion can increase the Internal clearance between the pump housing and rollers to the point that the pump no longer works effectively.

Drive Types

• PTO
• Belt Driven
• Electric Motor
• Gas-Engine

Parts of a Roller Pump

• Rollers: The moving parts inside the pump that create suction and discharge action.
• Rotor: Holds the rollers in place and drives their motion.
• Housing: Encases the rollers and rotor, providing a sealed environment for the liquid to move through.
• Shaft: Driven by PTO or motor and spins the rotor.
• Seals: Prevents leaks and maintains the integrity of the pump system.

Check out the Different Roller Pump Options

 

12-Volt Diaphragm Pumps

• Pump Type: Positive Displacement
• GPM Range: 1 to 5
• PSI Range: Up to 100+
• Applications: ATV/UTV sprayers, spot sprayers, small boom sprayers, low-volume chemical transfer

12-volt diaphragm pumps are very common and versatile. They are used on small sprayers because they are easy to power with a battery and relatively low in cost. These pumps work well with a wide variety of agrochemicals, cleaners, and other liquids, especially when diluted. They are self-priming, and they can run dry.

One standout benefit of the 12-volt sprayer pump is the demand switch. This feature shuts the motor off when you close a valve on the discharge side of the pump. When the valve is closed, the pressure increases, tripping the demand switch and shutting off the motor.

The most common application of this is when you are spot-spraying with a trigger wand or spray gun. When you pull the trigger, your pump turns on, when you release the trigger, the pump stops. This conserves your battery life and prolongs the life of the pump as it only runs when needed.

A 12-volt diaphragm pump can be used on smaller boom sprayers. However, they may only be able to work on booms with about 5-10 tips depending on the size of the nozzles that you use.

Advantages

• Portability: Lightweight and easy to transport, ideal for portable sprayer setups.
• Self-Priming: Can draw liquid from a lower level, making them easy to start and use.
• Low Power Consumption: Efficient operation with low electrical power requirements.
• Chemical Resistance: Can handle a variety of chemicals without damage.
• Demand Switch: The pump only runs "on demand", when you pull the trigger or open the valve to spray.
• Low-Cost: Very affordable compared to other pump types.

Disadvantages

• Limited Flow Rate: Maximum flow rates are about 5 GPM.
• Pressure Limitations: Maximum pressure is lower compared to other positive displacement pumps.
• Pump Life: The pump motor and other components do not have the same lifespan as other pump types. Parts can be replaced but the cost and time to repair may be nearly as much as a new pump.

Drive Types

• 12-volt Electric Motor
• This pump type is also available with 24-volt and 115-volt motors

Parts of a 12V Diaphragm Sprayer Pump

• Diaphragm/Wobble Plate: This assembly is driven by the motor; it has an eccentric bearing that causes it to "wobble" and this motion creates the suction to pull liquid into the pump and force it out.
• Check Valves: let fluid flow into the pump and stop it from going back out of the inlet port.
• Pump Housing: Contains the wobble plate and check valve assembly, and serves as the pump chamber where the liquid is pulled into the pump and forced out.
• Motor: Powers the movement of the wobble plate.

View 12-Volt Pump Options.

 

Large Diaphragm Pumps

• Pump Type: Positive Displacement
• GPM Range: 3-100+
• PSI Range: Up to 725
• Applications: Tree spraying, turf sprayers, fertilizer applicators

Large diaphragm pumps use multiple diaphragms and chambers to move large volumes of liquid at high pressures. These pumps are the preferred tool for long-range or vertical spraying such as tree spraying. The combination of high-flow rate and high pressures, when combined with the right sprayer gun and nozzle, results in a stream of liquid that can be propelled 50 feet or more in the air.

Video of Diaphragm Pump on Skid Sprayer:

Diaphragm pumps can also be used on boom sprayers or fertilizer boom sprayers. While they don't offer the same flow rates as a centrifugal pump of similar size, they can be a good option for sprayers or applicators when the fluid being sprayed is too thick or viscous for a centrifugal pump.

Advantages

• High-Pressure Output: Capable of producing very high pressures
• Durability: The flexibility of the diaphragm offers good resistance to a wide range of abrasive and viscous fluids.
• Chemical Resistance: Can handle a variety of chemicals without damage.

Disadvantages

• Cost: More expensive to purchase and maintain compared to smaller pumps.
• Complexity: More complex design requires more safeguards and proper installation. Troubleshooting can be more complicated than with other pump types.
• Maintenance: The diaphragms and pump oil must be changed periodically, typically every 500 hours or 3 months of use.

Drive Types

• Engine Driven
• Hydraulic Driven

Parts of a Diaphragm Sprayer Pump

• Diaphragms: Multiple flexible membranes that move to create suction and discharge action.
• Check Valves: Control the flow of liquid into and out of the pump chambers.
• Pistons: Push and pull the diaphragms to create the necessary suction and discharge, driven by the crankshaft.
• Crankshaft: Driven by the engine or motor, rotation of the crankshaft drives the pistons
• Gear Box: Allows diaphragm pumps to be directly driven by a gas engine at about 3600 rpm.
• Regulator/Control: Serves as the relief valve and provides pressure adjustment. Also directs flow from the pump outlet to different sprayer features such as spray gun, agitation, etc.

View All Diaphragm Pump Options

 

Piston Pumps

• Pump Type: Positive Displacement
• GPM Range: Approx 1 to 68
• PSI Range: Up to 120
• Applications: Fertilizer application on toolbars or planters.

A piston pump is more common for fertilizer application than it is for pesticide/herbicide application. They do not offer the flow rates needed for large boom sprayers, and they are not as forgiving to solids or abrasion as diaphragm pumps. However, they excel at delivering fluid accurately and consistently.

This pump works by using pistons to create a reciprocating motion that draws liquid into the pump chamber on the suction stroke and then pushes it out on the discharge stroke. This mechanism allows the pump to generate consistent flow.

There are piston pumps that are designed for high pressures (1000 psi +), but the piston pumps used for agricultural applications are geared to precision. They are often ground-driven, which makes them the simplest option for automatic rate control. A ground-driven piston pump does not require flow meters or regulating valves for automatic rate control. As you speed up or slow down the pump delivers the precise amount needed to maintain your application rate.

These pumps are also available with hydraulic motors and PWM valves. This allows you to control the speed of the pump with a rate controller and flow meter.

Advantages

• Accuracy: The pump pushes a consistent amount of fluid with each stroke, especially important when applying fertilizers.
• Durability: Robust construction for long-lasting performance in harsh environments.
• Priming: Excellent ability to prime offers flexibility when mounting the pump on a sprayer, toolbar, or planter.
• Easy to Service: The NGP piston pumps are designed to be field repaired. The check valves can be quickly removed and cleaned or replaced as needed.
• Self-Adjusting: A ground-driven piston pump automatically adjusts to your speed, delivering the precise amount needed without flow meters or regulating valves.

Disadvantages

• Cost: More expensive than other pump types that deliver similar flow rates
• Complexity: More complex pumps with many components.
• No solids: Requires filter prior to the inlet to protect check valves and pistons from damage.

Drive Types

• Ground Drive
• Hydraulic

Parts of a Piston Sprayer Pump

The piston pumps used for fertilizer application are more complex pumps than some of the other fertilizer pumps. They feature several components but these are the main ones:

• Plunger: Reciprocating action of piston rod and plunger draws in liquid and pushes it out.
• Check Valves: Control the flow of liquid into and out of the cylinders.
• Crankcase: Houses connecting rod and crankshaft

See all the Piston Pump Drive Options Here

 

Key Takeaways

The type of pump used on a sprayer can have a drastic effect on the performance. Understanding the different types of sprayer pumps and their attributes will ensure you have the best tool for your application. The Dultmeier Sales team has decades of experience and can provide you with insights and guidance in selecting and troubleshooting your sprayer pump.

Choosing the right pump can make all the difference in how smoothly your system runs, whether moving fertilizer, de-icing fluid, or pumping out a pit. One of the big questions people often ask is: which type of pump gives you the highest flow rate?

The type of pump designed to produce the highest flow rate is a centrifugal pump. These pumps are intended to handle large volumes of liquid at relatively low pressures. They work by converting rotational kinetic energy, often from a motor, into energy in a moving fluid, which creates a flow rate that can be very high.

If you're looking to move a lot of liquid quickly, the centrifugal pump is usually your best bet. Let's take a closer look at why these pumps are so good at handling large volumes with ease.

 

 

Why Centrifugal Pumps Excel in High-Flow Rate Applications

Centrifugal pumps are engineered to move as much liquid as possible in an efficient manner, making them the go-to choice when high flow rates are needed. Other pump types are designed to handle thicker liquids or to generate higher pressures, but a centrifugal pump's primary purpose is to transfer fluids that are relatively less viscous. Think water, fuels, fertilizers, and other flowable liquids.

How Centrifugal Pumps Work

Centrifugal pumps function by converting rotational energy into fluid flow, making them exceptionally efficient for high-volume transfer. You can read more on the specifics in our centrifugal pump guide. The short explanation is the heart of a centrifugal pump is the impeller. As the impeller spins, it imparts velocity to the fluid, pushing it outward from the center where the fluid enters, to the edges where it exits. This process creates a continuous, smooth flow of liquid.

High Speed Equals High Flow

The faster the impeller spins, the more kinetic energy is transferred to the fluid, resulting in a higher flow rate. This ability to maintain a steady, high-speed transfer of liquid makes centrifugal pumps ideal for applications that demand high flow rates.

Continuous Flow for High Efficiency

Unlike positive displacement pumps-such as gear pumps or piston pumps-that move liquid in cycles, centrifugal pumps deliver a continuous, non-pulsating flow. This is a significant advantage in applications where moving large volumes of liquid is essential, as it reduces turbulence and inefficiencies that can arise from intermittent flow. Because centrifugal pumps don't need to pause between cycles, they're more efficient for handling large volumes.

Scalability

One of the key benefits of centrifugal pumps is their scalability. These pumps can easily be adjusted to handle higher flow rates by increasing the impeller size or the speed at which the pump operates. This scalability is more straightforward compared to other types of pumps, where increasing the flow rate might involve more complex changes.

High Flow at Lower Pressure

Centrifugal pumps shine in applications where high flow rates are needed at relatively low pressures. While they might not be the best choice for high-pressure needs, their design is optimized to move large amounts of liquid with minimal energy input.

 

Flow Rate Capabilities of Centrifugal Pumps

The flow rate of a centrifugal pump can vary widely depending on the size of the pump, the speed of the impeller, and the specific design of the system. These pumps can achieve flow rates ranging from a few gallons per minute (GPM) to several thousand GPM. For instance, centrifugal pumps used in large-scale agriculture can easily move hundreds of gallons in a minute. 

Common High-Flow Centrifugal Pump Applications

Railcar Unloading

Centrifugal pumps are ideal for transferring liquid fertilizer from railcars to storage tanks. In many scenarios flow rates of over 1000 gallons per minute are possible.

• View more high-flow transfer pump options

Dewatering

Centrifugal and submersible (a type of centrifugal pump) are ideal for moving water from construction sites, drainage pits, or any location where excess water accumulation could interfere with operations.

• View high-volume submersible pump options here.

Industrial Cooling

In cooling towers, the volume of water that needs to be circulated is immense. Centrifugal pumps are ideal for this purpose due to their ability to handle high flow rates. These pumps ensure a continuous and reliable flow of water through the cooling tower.

Industrial and Manufacturing Processes

Centrifugal pumps are essential for the precise and reliable transfer of raw materials, intermediates, and finished products. Additionally, when precise flow control is needed, these pumps can be paired with variable frequency drives (VFDs) to adjust the flow rate accurately.

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You can read this beginner guide to sizing a centrifugal pump. Also, Dultmeier engineers have several combined years of experience sizing pumps according to the specific needs of several high-volume applications. Be sure to contact us if you have any questions.

 

Factors Affecting Flow Rate

Several factors affect the flow rate of a centrifugal pump, including:

1. Pump Size: Larger pumps with bigger impellers can move more liquid per rotation, increasing the overall flow rate.
2. Impeller Design: The shape and size of the impeller blades, along with the speed at which the impeller rotates, play a crucial role in determining the pump's efficiency and flow rate.
3. System Head: The height and resistance the liquid must overcome (referred to as 'head') can impact the pump's performance. Centrifugal pumps are more efficient at lower heads, making them ideal for applications requiring high flow but not high pressure.

If you would like a more detailed explanation of system head and flow rates, be sure to read our guide on centrifugal pumps written by in-house engineer Tom Hansen.

 

Selecting the Right High-Flow Pump for Specific Applications

Although a centrifugal pump is the best pump type for high-volume transfer of several fluids, in some scenarios a centrifugal pump may not be the best option. Thicker fluids may require a gear or diaphragm pump. Applications that require high-flow and higher pressures such as hydro excavating or sewer jetting, will need a different type of pump.

Here are some common applications where a centrifugal pump may not be the best option and which pump types can offer the highest flow rate in each scenario:

Tree Spraying: While a centrifugal pump offers enough volume, spraying tall trees requires more pressure than they can deliver. This is where high-flow diaphragm pumps come into play. They can deliver flow rates ranging from a few gallons per minute to over 100 while producing pressures from 250 psi and more.

Liquid Feed Transfer: The combined viscosities and occasional cold temperatures of many liquid applications require a gear pump for high-volume transfer. Centrifugal pumps work in some scenarios but are limited when handling thicker, more viscous liquids like molasses.

Learn more in our guide on how a gear pump works.

NH3: Vane pumps are used for high-volume transfer of anhydrous ammonia. Centrifugal pumps can struggle with the low viscosity and high vapor pressure of NH3, leading to issues like cavitation, reduced efficiency, and potential pump damage.

High-Pressure: Applications requiring higher pressures (think 1000 PSI+), and large volumes of fluid typically require plunger pumps or piston pumps. Pumps producing high-pressure and high flow rates do have significant horsepower requirements.

12-Volt Power: 12-volt motor pumps are available for applications where only 12-volt power is available. The flow rates that can be achieved by these pumps are limited to a maximum of about 20-25 gallons per minute. This is only achieved at very low pressures, about 5 PSI. There are 12-volt pumps that produce 1-5 GPM at much higher pressures, typically 40-60 PSI, making them much more versatile for low-volume applications.

 

Final Thought

Centrifugal pumps are the top choice for high-flow applications, efficiently moving large volumes of low-viscosity fluids at lower pressures. Their scalability and continuous, smooth flow make them ideal for industries requiring reliable, high-volume liquid transfer.

If you need help selecting and sizing a centrifugal pump you can reach out to our team. Our engineering department can provide flow analysis and expert guidance!

Resourceful folks are always looking for ways to get the most out of their equipment. One way to do this is to repurpose tools whenever possible. One such tool is the trash pump. If you already have one and need to move fertilizer, it only makes sense to wonder, "Can I use my trash pump for fertilizer?".

The short answer is yes, in many cases, a trash pump can handle fertilizer. However, this is not always the case. Several factors affect a pump's ability to handle fertilizer, including the type of fertilizer, pump materials, horsepower, and more-all of which might impact the overall effectiveness and longevity of your trash pump.

Do not worry. In this article, we will explore not only whether repurposing a trash pump for fertilizer is a feasible option but also which situations make the most sense. We'll cover the basics of trash pumps, the properties of fertilizers, and how to know if your specific pump can handle the job.

 

What is a Trash Pump?

A trash pump is a type of centrifugal pump that is designed to move water that contains large pieces of debris, such as sand, gravel, sticks, etc. Generally, they are self-priming pumps that are constructed out of. Some are made from more durable metals like cast iron or ductile iron, while less expensive models are aluminum or other alloys.

Compared to other centrifugal pump types they are generally less efficient. This is because they are designed for versatility and not for efficiency. Most centrifugal pumps used for clear or "clean" fluids are more efficient because they have a smaller clearance between the impeller and the volute inside the pump housing.

Trash pumps have a smaller impeller diameter in relation to the volute size, which allows them to pass rocks or other debris more easily without scoring the internals of the pump. This capability makes them particularly useful in construction, agricultural, and dewatering/drainage scenarios.

 

Can Trash Pumps Handle Fertilizer?

Fertilizers come in various forms: liquid, granular, and soluble powder. Each type has different handling and application requirements. Liquid fertilizers are often preferred for their ease of application and rapid absorption by plants. However, they can be corrosive or abrasive, depending on their chemical composition, which can include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and various micronutrients in different chemical forms.

The concept of using a trash pump for moving liquid fertilizer might seem viable. Trash pumps can handle slurries and fluids with solid particles, which theoretically could include liquid fertilizers. However, there are some things you need to consider, like material compatibility, efficiency, and reliability, before actually using your trash pump to transfer fertilizer.

Trash Pump Chemical Compatibility

Many trash pumps are designed to handle water and may not be compatible with the aggressive chemical nature of some fertilizers. Corrosion of the internal components, such as the impeller and the housing, can occur if the materials are not resistant to fertilizer chemicals.

Materials Typically Not Suited for Common Liquid Fertilizers:

• Aluminum
• Brass
• Polycarbonate
• PVC

Materials Recommended for Use with Liquid Fertilizer:

• Cast Iron
• Stainless Steel
• Viton
• Carbon Steel
• Polypropylene

In addition to pitting, rust, and corrosion of the housing and impeller, the pump seal can suffer damage from an aggressive fertilizer. Trash pumps typically have a mechanical shaft seal that keeps liquid from leaking out during operation. This seal consists of two faces and an elastomer that rub together to form a barrier.

If the seal faces or elastomers are made from a material not compatible with the type of fertilizer you want to pump, the seal will fail. Abrasive fertilizers cause damage to the seal faces and the pump will leak around the shaft. This can happen gradually or quite quickly if the fertilizer and materials are not compatible.

A fertilizer's with your pump materials might be the most crucial deciding factor for whether you can utilize a trash pump over another type of pump . If you are new to fertilizer transfer pumps, this guide explains in detail the different options for high-volume fertilizer transfer pumps.

Trash Pump Efficiency

Let's say your trash pump is constructed of materials that will stand up relatively well to whatever type of fertilizer you need to pump. Good, you can check off that consideration. However, there is still the matter of efficiency to consider. Trash pumps are by nature less efficient than other centrifugal pumps typically used for fertilizer transfer. You'll therefore want to ensure that your trash pump will actually perform as you need or you'll have to start at square one finding another solution.

As mentioned earlier, trash pumps generally have more clearance inside them to pass solid material. This makes them less efficient. (If you want to fully understand centrifugal pump efficiency, then check our  You may be able to live with this lower efficiency, especially if it means not having to spend the extra money buying another more expensive pump.

Even so, just because a trash pump may work, doesn't mean it will move the liquid at the same volume as other pumps designed specifically for the transfer of fertilizers. It's crucial then, that the prospective costs of that lower efficiency be weighed out for both the short-term and long-term benefits of your operation.

 

Conclusion: Should You Use a Trash Pump for Fertilizer?

While trash pumps are a versatile option in a pinch, there are better pumps available for the efficient transfer of fertilizer. Over a season the additional amount of time it takes you to move fertilizer could impact your bottom line. Not to mention trash pump built with metals not suited for your specific fertilizer could fail prematurely, costing you additional time and money than if you had opted for another pumping solution in the first place.

Dultmeier carries several different pump lines that are well-equipped for fertilizer transfer:

• Engine-Driven Fertilizer Pumps
• Electric Motor Driven Fertilizer Pumps
• Stainless Steel Pumps

For more details on which fertilizer pump will work best for you, check out our guide on the best fertilizer pump options