Blog posts tagged with 'centrifugal pump'

A sprayer's job is to distribute fluid over a designated area. No matter what type of sprayer at the center of the system is a pump. There are nearly endless different types of sprayers. They are built for several applications and require different types of pumps to deliver the flow characteristics necessary to complete those different spraying tasks.

At Dultmeier Sales, pumps are not just the center of a sprayer, they are at the center of our business. We sell, service, and support a wide variety of pumps for all types of sprayers. In addition, we prioritize understanding the different types, how they operate, and what pump works best on different sprayers.

In this guide, we will look at all the different types of pumps used on sprayers. We will examine how each pump operates and how they compare in terms of flow rate and pressure. In addition, we will offer real examples so you can see exactly how each pump is used. You'll be able to understand what type of sprayer pump will work for your application.

Different Types of Sprayer Pumps

While there are several variations of each type, the different pumps used on sprayers are centrifugal, roller, diaphragm, and piston pumps. Each pump is unique in its design and performance. Let's explore each type to understand how they operate and when to use them.

Centrifugal Pumps

• Pump Family: Centrifugal
• GPM Range: 0 to 500+
• PSI Range: 0 to 150

Centrifugal pumps use an impeller to move water or other fluids by using centrifugal force. They are known for their ability to move high volumes of liquid at relatively low pressure. The most common centrifugal pump type used on a sprayer is a straight centrifugal pump. Self-priming pumps can be used, but a straight centrifugal pump is typically more efficient and capable of developing higher operating pressure.

A self-priming pump is capped at about 40-60 PSI depending on the specific pump. The straight centrifugal pumps designed for use on sprayers can produce well over 100 PSI. They are intended to accommodate the high travel speeds of self-propelled sprayers combined with the expanded operating ranges of modern sprayer nozzles.

Common Centrifugal Sprayer Pump Applications

• Agricultural Spraying: Boom sprayers, fertilizer toolbars, boomless sprayers, fertilizer delivery on planters.
• Turf and Landscape: Golf course sprayers, sports field sprayers, large acreage sprayers.
• Industrial Uses: Salt brine trucks and trailers, water trucks for dust control.

Advantages of Centrifugal Sprayer Pumps

• High Volume Output: Centrifugal pumps can handle large volumes of liquid, making them suitable for applications requiring substantial flow rates.
• Durability: These pumps are robust and can handle abrasive and corrosive chemicals, making them versatile for various spraying tasks.
• Simplicity: The design is straightforward, which makes maintenance and troubleshooting easier compared to more complex pump types.
• Cost-Effective: Generally, centrifugal pumps are less expensive to manufacture and maintain, providing a cost-effective solution for many users.

Disadvantages of Centrifugal Sprayer Pumps

• Low pressure: Centrifugal sprayer pumps have lower pressure capabilities compared to some other types of pumps like piston or diaphragm pumps. While centrifugal pumps can move high volumes of liquid, they do so at relatively low pressures.
• Cannot Run Dry*: Running a centrifugal pump without fluid can cause significant damage to the pump. A centrifugal pump requires fluid in the pump case to lubricate the seal. *There are lubricated seals or "wet" seal centrifugal pumps that can run dry.

Centrifugal Pump Drive Types

• Hydraulic
• PTO
• Belt Driven
• Engine Driven

Parts of a Centrifugal Sprayer Pump

• Impeller: The heart of the pump, which is responsible for imparting kinetic energy to the liquid. The design and size of the impeller significantly affect the pump's performance.
• Casing: Encases the impeller and directs the flow of liquid. It also helps convert kinetic energy into pressure energy.
• Seal: Prevents leaks and maintains the pump's integrity by keeping the liquid within the system.
• Suction and Discharge Ports: Inlet and outlet points through which the liquid enters and exits the pump.

You can find a more detailed examination of centrifugal pump components and how they affect the performance of a pump in this guide to centrifugal pumps for fertilizer.

View All Centrifugal Pump Options

 

Roller Pumps

• Pump Family: Positive Displacement
• GPM Range: 2 to 60
• PSI Range: Up to 300
• Applications: Small and medium-sized boom sprayers, turf sprayers

Roller pumps use rollers inside a cylindrical housing to move liquid. As the rollers rotate, they create a vacuum that draws liquid in and then pushes it out. Roller pumps are very common on 3-point sprayers crop and turf boom sprayers, because they are self-priming, develop consistent pressure, and are less expensive compared to other types of sprayer pumps.

A roller pump is part of the positive displacement pump family. This means that a consistent volume of fluid is delivered with each cycle (in this case shaft revolution), regardless of the discharge head in the system. Simply put, you can spray at 60 psi if you want because the pump overcomes the restriction in the system. With a centrifugal pump, the system restriction will affect your operating pressure much more.

The larger roller pumps can produce about 50-60 GPM, limiting the size of the sprayer they can be used on. A roller pump can be repaired but the standard cast iron housings do have a limited life span. Friction eventually wears the pump housing to a point where the pump will no longer work efficiently.

To combat the wear and corrosion of agrochemicals and fertilizers, there are Ni-resist and Silvercast pump housings that last much longer than the standard cast iron roller pumps.

Advantages

• Pressure Output: Capable of producing consistent and generally higher pressure than a centrifugal pump.
• Self-Priming: Can draw liquid from a lower level, making them easy to start and use.
• Compact Design: Small and easy to integrate into different spraying systems.
• Can Be Reversed: Many roller pump models can be reversed so you can drive it either clockwise or counterclockwise. Consult the manual of your specific pump for details.
• Cost: Less expensive compared to other sprayer pump types. Especially when PTO driven since it does not require an engine or hydraulic motor.

Disadvantages

• Wear and Tear: Rollers wear out, especially when used with abrasive chemicals.
• Limited Flow Rate: Not suitable for applications requiring high flow rates.
• Maintenance: Regular maintenance is required to ensure optimal performance.
• Limited Lifespan: Wear and corrosion can increase the Internal clearance between the pump housing and rollers to the point that the pump no longer works effectively.

Drive Types

• PTO
• Belt Driven
• Electric Motor
• Gas-Engine

Parts of a Roller Pump

• Rollers: The moving parts inside the pump that create suction and discharge action.
• Rotor: Holds the rollers in place and drives their motion.
• Housing: Encases the rollers and rotor, providing a sealed environment for the liquid to move through.
• Shaft: Driven by PTO or motor and spins the rotor.
• Seals: Prevents leaks and maintains the integrity of the pump system.

Check out the Different Roller Pump Options

 

12-Volt Diaphragm Pumps

• Pump Type: Positive Displacement
• GPM Range: 1 to 5
• PSI Range: Up to 100+
• Applications: ATV/UTV sprayers, spot sprayers, small boom sprayers, low-volume chemical transfer

12-volt diaphragm pumps are very common and versatile. They are used on small sprayers because they are easy to power with a battery and relatively low in cost. These pumps work well with a wide variety of agrochemicals, cleaners, and other liquids, especially when diluted. They are self-priming, and they can run dry.

One standout benefit of the 12-volt sprayer pump is the demand switch. This feature shuts the motor off when you close a valve on the discharge side of the pump. When the valve is closed, the pressure increases, tripping the demand switch and shutting off the motor.

The most common application of this is when you are spot-spraying with a trigger wand or spray gun. When you pull the trigger, your pump turns on, when you release the trigger, the pump stops. This conserves your battery life and prolongs the life of the pump as it only runs when needed.

A 12-volt diaphragm pump can be used on smaller boom sprayers. However, they may only be able to work on booms with about 5-10 tips depending on the size of the nozzles that you use.

Advantages

• Portability: Lightweight and easy to transport, ideal for portable sprayer setups.
• Self-Priming: Can draw liquid from a lower level, making them easy to start and use.
• Low Power Consumption: Efficient operation with low electrical power requirements.
• Chemical Resistance: Can handle a variety of chemicals without damage.
• Demand Switch: The pump only runs "on demand", when you pull the trigger or open the valve to spray.
• Low-Cost: Very affordable compared to other pump types.

Disadvantages

• Limited Flow Rate: Maximum flow rates are about 5 GPM.
• Pressure Limitations: Maximum pressure is lower compared to other positive displacement pumps.
• Pump Life: The pump motor and other components do not have the same lifespan as other pump types. Parts can be replaced but the cost and time to repair may be nearly as much as a new pump.

Drive Types

• 12-volt Electric Motor
• This pump type is also available with 24-volt and 115-volt motors

Parts of a 12V Diaphragm Sprayer Pump

• Diaphragm/Wobble Plate: This assembly is driven by the motor; it has an eccentric bearing that causes it to "wobble" and this motion creates the suction to pull liquid into the pump and force it out.
• Check Valves: let fluid flow into the pump and stop it from going back out of the inlet port.
• Pump Housing: Contains the wobble plate and check valve assembly, and serves as the pump chamber where the liquid is pulled into the pump and forced out.
• Motor: Powers the movement of the wobble plate.

View 12-Volt Pump Options.

 

Large Diaphragm Pumps

• Pump Type: Positive Displacement
• GPM Range: 3-100+
• PSI Range: Up to 725
• Applications: Tree spraying, turf sprayers, fertilizer applicators

Large diaphragm pumps use multiple diaphragms and chambers to move large volumes of liquid at high pressures. These pumps are the preferred tool for long-range or vertical spraying such as tree spraying. The combination of high-flow rate and high pressures, when combined with the right sprayer gun and nozzle, results in a stream of liquid that can be propelled 50 feet or more in the air.

Video of Diaphragm Pump on Skid Sprayer:

Diaphragm pumps can also be used on boom sprayers or fertilizer boom sprayers. While they don't offer the same flow rates as a centrifugal pump of similar size, they can be a good option for sprayers or applicators when the fluid being sprayed is too thick or viscous for a centrifugal pump.

Advantages

• High-Pressure Output: Capable of producing very high pressures
• Durability: The flexibility of the diaphragm offers good resistance to a wide range of abrasive and viscous fluids.
• Chemical Resistance: Can handle a variety of chemicals without damage.

Disadvantages

• Cost: More expensive to purchase and maintain compared to smaller pumps.
• Complexity: More complex design requires more safeguards and proper installation. Troubleshooting can be more complicated than with other pump types.
• Maintenance: The diaphragms and pump oil must be changed periodically, typically every 500 hours or 3 months of use.

Drive Types

• Engine Driven
• Hydraulic Driven

Parts of a Diaphragm Sprayer Pump

• Diaphragms: Multiple flexible membranes that move to create suction and discharge action.
• Check Valves: Control the flow of liquid into and out of the pump chambers.
• Pistons: Push and pull the diaphragms to create the necessary suction and discharge, driven by the crankshaft.
• Crankshaft: Driven by the engine or motor, rotation of the crankshaft drives the pistons
• Gear Box: Allows diaphragm pumps to be directly driven by a gas engine at about 3600 rpm.
• Regulator/Control: Serves as the relief valve and provides pressure adjustment. Also directs flow from the pump outlet to different sprayer features such as spray gun, agitation, etc.

View All Diaphragm Pump Options

 

Piston Pumps

• Pump Type: Positive Displacement
• GPM Range: Approx 1 to 68
• PSI Range: Up to 120
• Applications: Fertilizer application on toolbars or planters.

A piston pump is more common for fertilizer application than it is for pesticide/herbicide application. They do not offer the flow rates needed for large boom sprayers, and they are not as forgiving to solids or abrasion as diaphragm pumps. However, they excel at delivering fluid accurately and consistently.

This pump works by using pistons to create a reciprocating motion that draws liquid into the pump chamber on the suction stroke and then pushes it out on the discharge stroke. This mechanism allows the pump to generate consistent flow.

There are piston pumps that are designed for high pressures (1000 psi +), but the piston pumps used for agricultural applications are geared to precision. They are often ground-driven, which makes them the simplest option for automatic rate control. A ground-driven piston pump does not require flow meters or regulating valves for automatic rate control. As you speed up or slow down the pump delivers the precise amount needed to maintain your application rate.

These pumps are also available with hydraulic motors and PWM valves. This allows you to control the speed of the pump with a rate controller and flow meter.

Advantages

• Accuracy: The pump pushes a consistent amount of fluid with each stroke, especially important when applying fertilizers.
• Durability: Robust construction for long-lasting performance in harsh environments.
• Priming: Excellent ability to prime offers flexibility when mounting the pump on a sprayer, toolbar, or planter.
• Easy to Service: The NGP piston pumps are designed to be field repaired. The check valves can be quickly removed and cleaned or replaced as needed.
• Self-Adjusting: A ground-driven piston pump automatically adjusts to your speed, delivering the precise amount needed without flow meters or regulating valves.

Disadvantages

• Cost: More expensive than other pump types that deliver similar flow rates
• Complexity: More complex pumps with many components.
• No solids: Requires filter prior to the inlet to protect check valves and pistons from damage.

Drive Types

• Ground Drive
• Hydraulic

Parts of a Piston Sprayer Pump

The piston pumps used for fertilizer application are more complex pumps than some of the other fertilizer pumps. They feature several components but these are the main ones:

• Plunger: Reciprocating action of piston rod and plunger draws in liquid and pushes it out.
• Check Valves: Control the flow of liquid into and out of the cylinders.
• Crankcase: Houses connecting rod and crankshaft

See all the Piston Pump Drive Options Here

 

Key Takeaways

The type of pump used on a sprayer can have a drastic effect on the performance. Understanding the different types of sprayer pumps and their attributes will ensure you have the best tool for your application. The Dultmeier Sales team has decades of experience and can provide you with insights and guidance in selecting and troubleshooting your sprayer pump.

Choosing the right pump can make all the difference in how smoothly your system runs, whether moving fertilizer, de-icing fluid, or pumping out a pit. One of the big questions people often ask is: which type of pump gives you the highest flow rate?

The type of pump designed to produce the highest flow rate is a centrifugal pump. These pumps are intended to handle large volumes of liquid at relatively low pressures. They work by converting rotational kinetic energy, often from a motor, into energy in a moving fluid, which creates a flow rate that can be very high.

If you're looking to move a lot of liquid quickly, the centrifugal pump is usually your best bet. Let's take a closer look at why these pumps are so good at handling large volumes with ease.

 

 

Why Centrifugal Pumps Excel in High-Flow Rate Applications

Centrifugal pumps are engineered to move as much liquid as possible in an efficient manner, making them the go-to choice when high flow rates are needed. Other pump types are designed to handle thicker liquids or to generate higher pressures, but a centrifugal pump's primary purpose is to transfer fluids that are relatively less viscous. Think water, fuels, fertilizers, and other flowable liquids.

How Centrifugal Pumps Work

Centrifugal pumps function by converting rotational energy into fluid flow, making them exceptionally efficient for high-volume transfer. You can read more on the specifics in our centrifugal pump guide. The short explanation is the heart of a centrifugal pump is the impeller. As the impeller spins, it imparts velocity to the fluid, pushing it outward from the center where the fluid enters, to the edges where it exits. This process creates a continuous, smooth flow of liquid.

High Speed Equals High Flow

The faster the impeller spins, the more kinetic energy is transferred to the fluid, resulting in a higher flow rate. This ability to maintain a steady, high-speed transfer of liquid makes centrifugal pumps ideal for applications that demand high flow rates.

Continuous Flow for High Efficiency

Unlike positive displacement pumps-such as gear pumps or piston pumps-that move liquid in cycles, centrifugal pumps deliver a continuous, non-pulsating flow. This is a significant advantage in applications where moving large volumes of liquid is essential, as it reduces turbulence and inefficiencies that can arise from intermittent flow. Because centrifugal pumps don't need to pause between cycles, they're more efficient for handling large volumes.

Scalability

One of the key benefits of centrifugal pumps is their scalability. These pumps can easily be adjusted to handle higher flow rates by increasing the impeller size or the speed at which the pump operates. This scalability is more straightforward compared to other types of pumps, where increasing the flow rate might involve more complex changes.

High Flow at Lower Pressure

Centrifugal pumps shine in applications where high flow rates are needed at relatively low pressures. While they might not be the best choice for high-pressure needs, their design is optimized to move large amounts of liquid with minimal energy input.

 

Flow Rate Capabilities of Centrifugal Pumps

The flow rate of a centrifugal pump can vary widely depending on the size of the pump, the speed of the impeller, and the specific design of the system. These pumps can achieve flow rates ranging from a few gallons per minute (GPM) to several thousand GPM. For instance, centrifugal pumps used in large-scale agriculture can easily move hundreds of gallons in a minute. 

Common High-Flow Centrifugal Pump Applications

Railcar Unloading

Centrifugal pumps are ideal for transferring liquid fertilizer from railcars to storage tanks. In many scenarios flow rates of over 1000 gallons per minute are possible.

• View more high-flow transfer pump options

Dewatering

Centrifugal and submersible (a type of centrifugal pump) are ideal for moving water from construction sites, drainage pits, or any location where excess water accumulation could interfere with operations.

• View high-volume submersible pump options here.

Industrial Cooling

In cooling towers, the volume of water that needs to be circulated is immense. Centrifugal pumps are ideal for this purpose due to their ability to handle high flow rates. These pumps ensure a continuous and reliable flow of water through the cooling tower.

Industrial and Manufacturing Processes

Centrifugal pumps are essential for the precise and reliable transfer of raw materials, intermediates, and finished products. Additionally, when precise flow control is needed, these pumps can be paired with variable frequency drives (VFDs) to adjust the flow rate accurately.

• View industrial pump solutions

You can read this beginner guide to sizing a centrifugal pump. Also, Dultmeier engineers have several combined years of experience sizing pumps according to the specific needs of several high-volume applications. Be sure to contact us if you have any questions.

 

Factors Affecting Flow Rate

Several factors affect the flow rate of a centrifugal pump, including:

1. Pump Size: Larger pumps with bigger impellers can move more liquid per rotation, increasing the overall flow rate.
2. Impeller Design: The shape and size of the impeller blades, along with the speed at which the impeller rotates, play a crucial role in determining the pump's efficiency and flow rate.
3. System Head: The height and resistance the liquid must overcome (referred to as 'head') can impact the pump's performance. Centrifugal pumps are more efficient at lower heads, making them ideal for applications requiring high flow but not high pressure.

If you would like a more detailed explanation of system head and flow rates, be sure to read our guide on centrifugal pumps written by in-house engineer Tom Hansen.

 

Selecting the Right High-Flow Pump for Specific Applications

Although a centrifugal pump is the best pump type for high-volume transfer of several fluids, in some scenarios a centrifugal pump may not be the best option. Thicker fluids may require a gear or diaphragm pump. Applications that require high-flow and higher pressures such as hydro excavating or sewer jetting, will need a different type of pump.

Here are some common applications where a centrifugal pump may not be the best option and which pump types can offer the highest flow rate in each scenario:

Tree Spraying: While a centrifugal pump offers enough volume, spraying tall trees requires more pressure than they can deliver. This is where high-flow diaphragm pumps come into play. They can deliver flow rates ranging from a few gallons per minute to over 100 while producing pressures from 250 psi and more.

Liquid Feed Transfer: The combined viscosities and occasional cold temperatures of many liquid applications require a gear pump for high-volume transfer. Centrifugal pumps work in some scenarios but are limited when handling thicker, more viscous liquids like molasses.

Learn more in our guide on how a gear pump works.

NH3: Vane pumps are used for high-volume transfer of anhydrous ammonia. Centrifugal pumps can struggle with the low viscosity and high vapor pressure of NH3, leading to issues like cavitation, reduced efficiency, and potential pump damage.

High-Pressure: Applications requiring higher pressures (think 1000 PSI+), and large volumes of fluid typically require plunger pumps or piston pumps. Pumps producing high-pressure and high flow rates do have significant horsepower requirements.

12-Volt Power: 12-volt motor pumps are available for applications where only 12-volt power is available. The flow rates that can be achieved by these pumps are limited to a maximum of about 20-25 gallons per minute. This is only achieved at very low pressures, about 5 PSI. There are 12-volt pumps that produce 1-5 GPM at much higher pressures, typically 40-60 PSI, making them much more versatile for low-volume applications.

 

Final Thought

Centrifugal pumps are the top choice for high-flow applications, efficiently moving large volumes of low-viscosity fluids at lower pressures. Their scalability and continuous, smooth flow make them ideal for industries requiring reliable, high-volume liquid transfer.

If you need help selecting and sizing a centrifugal pump you can reach out to our team. Our engineering department can provide flow analysis and expert guidance!

Resourceful folks are always looking for ways to get the most out of their equipment. One way to do this is to repurpose tools whenever possible. One such tool is the trash pump. If you already have one and need to move fertilizer, it only makes sense to wonder, "Can I use my trash pump for fertilizer?".

The short answer is yes, in many cases, a trash pump can handle fertilizer. However, this is not always the case. Several factors affect a pump's ability to handle fertilizer, including the type of fertilizer, pump materials, horsepower, and more-all of which might impact the overall effectiveness and longevity of your trash pump.

Do not worry. In this article, we will explore not only whether repurposing a trash pump for fertilizer is a feasible option but also which situations make the most sense. We'll cover the basics of trash pumps, the properties of fertilizers, and how to know if your specific pump can handle the job.

 

What is a Trash Pump?

A trash pump is a type of centrifugal pump that is designed to move water that contains large pieces of debris, such as sand, gravel, sticks, etc. Generally, they are self-priming pumps that are constructed out of. Some are made from more durable metals like cast iron or ductile iron, while less expensive models are aluminum or other alloys.

Compared to other centrifugal pump types they are generally less efficient. This is because they are designed for versatility and not for efficiency. Most centrifugal pumps used for clear or "clean" fluids are more efficient because they have a smaller clearance between the impeller and the volute inside the pump housing.

Trash pumps have a smaller impeller diameter in relation to the volute size, which allows them to pass rocks or other debris more easily without scoring the internals of the pump. This capability makes them particularly useful in construction, agricultural, and dewatering/drainage scenarios.

 

Can Trash Pumps Handle Fertilizer?

Fertilizers come in various forms: liquid, granular, and soluble powder. Each type has different handling and application requirements. Liquid fertilizers are often preferred for their ease of application and rapid absorption by plants. However, they can be corrosive or abrasive, depending on their chemical composition, which can include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and various micronutrients in different chemical forms.

The concept of using a trash pump for moving liquid fertilizer might seem viable. Trash pumps can handle slurries and fluids with solid particles, which theoretically could include liquid fertilizers. However, there are some things you need to consider, like material compatibility, efficiency, and reliability, before actually using your trash pump to transfer fertilizer.

Trash Pump Chemical Compatibility

Many trash pumps are designed to handle water and may not be compatible with the aggressive chemical nature of some fertilizers. Corrosion of the internal components, such as the impeller and the housing, can occur if the materials are not resistant to fertilizer chemicals.

Materials Typically Not Suited for Common Liquid Fertilizers:

• Aluminum
• Brass
• Polycarbonate
• PVC

Materials Recommended for Use with Liquid Fertilizer:

• Cast Iron
• Stainless Steel
• Viton
• Carbon Steel
• Polypropylene

In addition to pitting, rust, and corrosion of the housing and impeller, the pump seal can suffer damage from an aggressive fertilizer. Trash pumps typically have a mechanical shaft seal that keeps liquid from leaking out during operation. This seal consists of two faces and an elastomer that rub together to form a barrier.

If the seal faces or elastomers are made from a material not compatible with the type of fertilizer you want to pump, the seal will fail. Abrasive fertilizers cause damage to the seal faces and the pump will leak around the shaft. This can happen gradually or quite quickly if the fertilizer and materials are not compatible.

A fertilizer's with your pump materials might be the most crucial deciding factor for whether you can utilize a trash pump over another type of pump . If you are new to fertilizer transfer pumps, this guide explains in detail the different options for high-volume fertilizer transfer pumps.

Trash Pump Efficiency

Let's say your trash pump is constructed of materials that will stand up relatively well to whatever type of fertilizer you need to pump. Good, you can check off that consideration. However, there is still the matter of efficiency to consider. Trash pumps are by nature less efficient than other centrifugal pumps typically used for fertilizer transfer. You'll therefore want to ensure that your trash pump will actually perform as you need or you'll have to start at square one finding another solution.

As mentioned earlier, trash pumps generally have more clearance inside them to pass solid material. This makes them less efficient. (If you want to fully understand centrifugal pump efficiency, then check our  You may be able to live with this lower efficiency, especially if it means not having to spend the extra money buying another more expensive pump.

Even so, just because a trash pump may work, doesn't mean it will move the liquid at the same volume as other pumps designed specifically for the transfer of fertilizers. It's crucial then, that the prospective costs of that lower efficiency be weighed out for both the short-term and long-term benefits of your operation.

 

Conclusion: Should You Use a Trash Pump for Fertilizer?

While trash pumps are a versatile option in a pinch, there are better pumps available for the efficient transfer of fertilizer. Over a season the additional amount of time it takes you to move fertilizer could impact your bottom line. Not to mention trash pump built with metals not suited for your specific fertilizer could fail prematurely, costing you additional time and money than if you had opted for another pumping solution in the first place.

Dultmeier carries several different pump lines that are well-equipped for fertilizer transfer:

• Engine-Driven Fertilizer Pumps
• Electric Motor Driven Fertilizer Pumps
• Stainless Steel Pumps

For more details on which fertilizer pump will work best for you, check out our guide on the best fertilizer pump options

Using a chemical inductor is an effective way to add chemicals into a mix load for a sprayer. At Dultmeier Sales, we assemble a variety of cone bottom inductor tanks with Venturi assemblies that ensure precise and efficient chemical mixing.

In this article, we'll provide a complete guide on how chemical inductor systems work, covering everything from the principles behind the Venturi effect to the detailed operation of these systems. Whether you're new to using chemical inductors or looking to optimize your current setup, this guide will equip you with the knowledge you need.

 

How a Chemical Inductor Works

 

 

The Venturi effect is the driving principle behind how a chemical inductor works. The Venturi effect occurs when a fluid flows through a narrow constriction, causing its velocity to increase and its pressure to decrease, creating a low-pressure zone that can generate suction. This happens in a chemical inductor when the carrier from the transfer pump flows into the inductor assembly on the bottom of the inductor tank.

The suction effect draws the chemical from the inductor tank into the flowing water. As the chemical mixes with the water in the Venturi nozzle, the combined solution is then transferred into the main sprayer tank or nurse tank.

This process not only requires a specific set of components but also the correct plumbing to work effectively. Let's examine each component and how they work together.

 

Chemical Inductor Components

Whether a chemical inductor system is on-board a sprayer, mounted on a tender trailer, or stationed on the ground, the core components are the same:

• Venturi/bypass assembly
• Cone bottom tank
• Hose/plumbing
• Centrifugal transfer pump

 

 

There are variations of each component depending on the specifics of the application.

 

Venturi/bypass Assembly

 

 

The venturi bypass assembly is the critical piece of any chemical inductor system and essential to drawing in agrochemicals, AMS, crop oil, etc. into your final mix load. This assembly includes the venturi, bypass valve, and all appropriate plumbing fittings. When the bypass valve is closed water is forced through the venturi. Then the tank valve can be opened, and the contents of the inductor tank are drained by the suction from the venturi.

When the bypass valve is open, water avoids the venturi and the flow rate is faster, but there is no suction to pull any mix of liquids or chemicals from the tank.

If you are building a chemical inductor, you can add a venturi assembly to an existing cone bottom tank. You can also use a venturi/bypass assembly to pull chemicals directly into a carrier line without the cone bottom tank. For more information be sure to read this guide to mixing chemicals without 12-volt pumps. 

 

Inductor Tank

A cone-bottom polyethylene tank is recommended for use with agrochemicals (pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, etc.) because it offers a wide range of chemical compatibilities. They are available in various sizes, commonly 15 to 110 gallons. The size of your inductor tank does NOT affect the rate at which chemicals are drawn into your mainline. A larger tank simply holds more product. The tank opening on the bottom of the tank, however, is important to consider. A smaller tank opening can restrict the induction rate and make your overall operation less efficient.

The size of the tank lid also matters. For starters, a larger lid opening makes it easier to add chemicals and reduces the risk of spillage outside the inductor system. A larger 16-inch lid also allows you to use a Chem-blade jug emptying and rinsing system. With this accessory, you can quickly empty chemical jugs without opening them or pouring them.

On this page, you can see all our available cone bottom inductor tanks.

 

Plumbing/Hose

Like the tank, it is recommended that the valves and fittings are also poly. Polypropylene not only works best with agrochemicals but is also suitable for other products such as salt-brine, fertilizers, acids, and cleaning solutions.

EPDM rubber suction and discharge hoses, such as these offerings from Kanaflex (link) and TigerFlex (link) work great for the suction and discharge sides of your inductor system pump. Two- and three-inch hoses are common plumbing sizes used with inductors.

 

Transfer Pump

Although the pump is not an integrated part of the inductor assembly, it is a critical component required to make the system function. The inductor system must be used with a centrifugal transfer pump that is capable of pushing enough flow through the venturi to generate adequate suction. A general rule of thumb is to use a pump that matches the same size as your inductor's plumbing. So, use a two-inch pump with a two-inch inductor system, and a three-inch pump with a three-inch inductor system.

Additionally, you'll need to ensure the pump has adequate horsepower to move the liquid through the inductor venturi. If the pump lacks enough horsepower, the pressure may be too low, which can limit the amount of suction created. For example, when pumping water, a two-inch pump with a five-horsepower gas engine will suffice for a two-inch inductor setup. If you have a three-inch inductor assembly, then you typically need a three-inch pump with 8+ horsepower.

If your carrier is fertilizer or some other liquid heavier than water, you will likely need more horsepower to drive the pump. You can learn more about the pump sizes in our fertilizer transfer pump guide.

 

Pump Options for Chemical Inductors:

• Gas-engine driven pumps
• Electric motor-driven pumps

 

How to Install a Chemical Inductor System

Like the pump, the plumbing setup of an inductor tank is crucial. The most important aspect is the placement of the pump in relation to the inductor system. The inductor should be positioned on the discharge side of the pump. This placement is essential because the flow of the water pumped through the venturi creates the vacuum effect.

Using the right hose and fittings is vital to proper plumbing for inductor tanks. It is important to match the inside diameter of the hose and fittings with that of the pump ports. For example, a two-inch inductor system should have two-inch plumbing throughout. Hose, fittings, pumps, valves, venturi, etc., should also be two inches in diameter.

Any restriction in flow can disrupt the system's effectiveness. Eliminating as many bends or slowdowns within your plumbing will ensure your flow rate remains strong enough to draw product down through the venturi. Try to limit the length of hose on the suction and discharge sides of the pump and avoid using too many 90-degree elbows and strainers.

Furthermore, where you place your pump in relation to your system's water supply tank and inductor can affect the performance of the overall system. You will want to keep the pump as close to the water tank as possible, because the shorter the distance the water must travel to the pump, the less pressure loss you'll have and the better your pump will perform. Proper pump placement means a more reliable and effective chemical mixing process.

Since plumbing plays such a large part in the overall performance of your inductor system, it's important to consider how every part of the system works in tandem with one another. As referenced above, the hoses throughout your system need to be the proper size to the inductor unit.

This is also true for the pump inlet. A two-inch pump needs to be fed with at least a two-inch hose, a three-inch pump with a three-inch hose, and so on. You do not want to starve the pump or run it dry. This will result in seal failure in addition to the inductor not functioning properly.

 

Chemical Inductor Plumbing Diagram

Keys to Remember When Plumbing Your Inductor Tank:

• Venturi Assembly: Must be on the discharge side of the pump.
• Hose and Fittings: Match the inside diameter of your pump inlet and inductor.
• Flow Optimization: Avoid 90-degree elbows and pumping great distances 100 ft +
• Pump Placement: Keep the pump close to the supply tank for efficient operation.
• Pump Operation: Never run the pump dry and ensure supply tank valves are fully open.

Using an Inductor Tank Without a Venturi Assembly

While most chemical inductors utilize a venturi assembly, you can use a cone-bottom tank without a venturi assembly by placing it on the suction side of the pump. However, this setup requires careful consideration to avoid starving the pump of liquid, which can cause pump cavitation and damage.

One of the risks of positioning the inductor tank upstream of the pump is the possibility of air bubbles entering the system. When you open the tank valve, liquid in the tank is drawn into your carrier line, but you are also introducing air into the line. Air bubbles passing through the pump can lead to damage over time. A large amount of air can starve the pump and lead to seal failure rather quickly.

Placing the inductor on the suction side of the pump also means you have chemicals passing through your pump rather than just water. Although many pumps are compatible with agrochemicals, this will inevitably lead to more wear and tear compared to water alone.

You also have the risk of contaminating your water supply or water tank, though using a check valve between the water tank/supply and the cone bottom tank to prevent chemical backflow can likely eliminate this contamination risk.

Conclusion

When set up properly, inductor tank systems are a highly effective way to introduce multiple chemicals or fertilizers into your spraying application. Following these guidelines will help you build or improve your current set-up, ensuring efficient and reliable chemical induction for your sprayer.

Dultmeier Sales offers a complete inductor system in poly and stainless steel as well as all the components needed to operate them:

Inductor systems

Pumps

Hose

Plumbing

MP Pumps has been manufacturing quality centrifugal pumps for more than 80 years. Over this time, they have developed and improved upon their designs to offer reliable and affordable fluid-handling options for a variety of industries and applications.

There is almost certainly an MP pump that will work for you, but sorting through the various types can be tough. As a master MP Pumps distributor, Dultmeier Sales can help you pinpoint the right one. Here's a detailed look at the different MP Pumps available, their common uses, and the advantages and disadvantages of each type.

 

MP Pumps Company Overview

MP Pumps has been around since 1942, proudly crafting high-quality centrifugal pumps from their home base in Fraser, Michigan. They've got a pump for just about everything from making sure your fertilizer and ag chemical system runs without a hitch to keeping industrial processes flowing smoothly, to moving petroleum products efficiently.

 

MP Pumps Company Info:

• Founding: 1942
• Location: Fraser, Michigan.
• Phone Number: (800) 563-8006
• Parent Company: Ingersoll Rand
• Website: MP Pumps

 

Industries Covered:

• Agriculture
• Fuel
• Transportation
• Irrigation
• Marine
• Industrial

 

MP Pump Types

MP Pumps has an extensive product line. They manufacture self-priming pumps, straight centrifugal pumps, chemical pumps, circulator pumps, petroleum pumps, and more.

Dultmeier Sales can supply just about any MP pump but we focus primarily on the ag, industrial, and petroleum pumps. These industries rely on the MP Flomax, Chemflo, and Petrolmaxx lines. One of the most common is the Flomax self-priming pump series, so let's start there.

 

MP Flomax

Description: These are self-priming centrifugal pumps. Available in materials like cast iron and stainless steel. Versatile, and capable of handling a wide variety of fluids. Many parts are interchangeable with other Flomax models.

 

Common Uses: The MP Flomax pump can be implemented in countless situations. Dultmeier Sales has been selling the Flomax series pump for use in agriculture for several years. Specifically, nurse trailer and sprayer tender truck transfer pumps, as well as fertilizer and agrochemical bulk plant pumps. They are excellent at handling water, agrochemicals, and fertilizer but they can be used with other liquids as well.

 

Key Features:

• Capable of flows up to 750 GPM.
• Handles pressures up to 230 head feet.
• Stainless steel shaft sleeve for durability and corrosion resistance.
• Self-Priming
• Viton seals standard
• Removable bolt-on FNPT flanges means your piping remains in place when servicing the pump
• Wear plate can be replaced to extend the life of the pump
• Suction check-valve holds liquid, protecting the pump seal when it re-primes

Find Flomax Pumps Ready to Ship Today!

 

Flomax Pump Options

When it comes to connecting the pump to an engine or motor, MP offers the Flomax pump in two basic configurations. The pedestal version and the PumpPak version.

 

Pedestal: A pedestal pump is designed to be long-coupled to motors, or other drives. It features a bearing pedestal and solid shaft.

 

 

PumpPAK: This version of the Flomax pump is designed to be mounted directly to an engine or motor. There are versions to mount on gas-enines, hydraulic motors, and C-face electric motors.

 

 

Flomax Pump Sizes

Flow rate is always key for any pump type. There are Flomax pumps made to deliver up to 750 GPM:

• Flomax 5 - 1-1/2 inch ports, Up to 145 GPM
• Flomax 8 - 2 inch ports, Up to 170 GPM
• Flomax 10 - 2 inch ports, Up to 225 GPM
• Flomax 15 - 3 inch ports, Up to 320 GPM
• Flomax 30 - 3 inch ports, Up to 500 GPM
• Flomax 40 - 4 inch ports, Up to 750 GPM

Find Flomax Pumps Ready to Ship Today!

 

Materials

The Flomax line is available in several materials. Pumps constructed with cast iron housings and impellers, stainless shafts, and Viton seals are most common. All stainless pumps are available for more corrosive applications.

 

Pump Drives

An MP Flomax pump can be driven a number of ways. Whether you require an electric motor, engine, or hydraulic motor. The pedestal pump version can be assembled on a baseplate with motor and long-coupled together. The PumpPak version can be mated directly or close-coupled to C-face electric motors or gas engines.

Various shaft sleeve sizes and bolt patterns are available so you can easily connect an MP pump to almost any C-face motor or gas engine.

If you would like a more detailed explanation of close-coupled and long-coupled pump units, be sure to read this guide to the best fertilizer pump options.

 

Chemflo Series

Description: Some liquids are more harsh on pumps than others. The MP Chemflo stainless steel pump family is built to withstand more severe applications and corrosive liquids. There are several different variations within this family to be compatible with different types of liquids.

Common Uses: Agricultural chemical mixing, fertilizer transfer, water treatment, de-icing liquids, and other industrial fluid transfer.

Key Features:

• Corrosion-resistant 316 stainless wetted components
• Suitable for a wide range of chemicals
• Available in a variety of sizes

 

MP Chemflo Pump Options

The Chemflo pump family is made up of more than 30 unique models. These different models are designed to be used in many different applications. They vary in flowrate, drive type, port size (flanged & NPT), etc.

 

Sizes

Chemflo pumps come in very low to high-flow options. Their CFX pumps have 1/2 to 1-inch ports with flow rates ranging from 10-40 GPM. The larger versions are available with 1-1/2 up to 3-inch ports and these pumps will provide maximum flow rates of 150-395 GPM.

 

Materials

One of the primary features of this pump series is the cast 316 stainless steel components used to construct the pump. While stainless is not an answer for 100% of liquids, it does offer resistance to the effects of a much wider range of liquids when compared to cast iron.

While the housing, impeller, and other components are made from stainless steel, the mechanical seal is available with a variety of options including Viton, EPDM, and Teflon. You can always refer to our chemical compatibility charts to evaluate which materials and elastomers will be compatible with the liquid you need to pump.

 

Drive Options

Like other MP pumps, the Chemflo series comes in a variety of setups included long-coupled pump and motor units, close-coupled pump and motor units, and hydraulic-driven units.

For more details and an explanation of close-coupled and long-coupled pump units, be sure to read this guide to the best fertilizer pump options.

 

PetrolMaxx Series

Description: Pumping fuels in high-volume applications requires the right type of pump for efficiency, compatibility, and safety. MP's PetrolMaxx series is a self-priming pump similar in design to the Flomax family but constructed with materials compatible with fuels. There are variations to ensure compatibility with diesel, biodiesel, gasoline, E85, and more.

Common Uses: High-volume fuel transfer. Loading and unloading bulk fuel trailers and trucks. Filling large equipment for construction and agriculture.

Key Features:

• Self-priming
• Available to mate directly to engines/motors or with a bearing pedestal for long coupling
• Flow rates of 150-700 GPM
• Options for Ethanol, Biodiesel, Gasoline, Diesel, and More

 

MP PetrolMaxx Options

For safety and compatibility, it's crucial to use the right pump for each type of fuel. That's why MP has created a variety of pump models designed specifically for different fuels. Each model is built with materials that match the unique properties of the fuel it's meant to handle, ensuring safe and reliable operation.

One of the most popular versions is made to handle diesel. Dultmeier sells hundreds of two-inch PetrolMaxx pumps driven by gas-engines for high-volume diesel fuel transfer. These pump units help fill equipment much faster than the common 12-volt fuel pumps. You can get flow rates well over 100 GPM with the right size hose and fuel filters.

 

MP Petroleum Pump Sizes

• 1-1/2 Inch
• 2 x 2 Inch
• 3 x 3 Inch
• 4 x 3 Inch
• 4 x 4 Inch

See More MP PetrolMaxx Pump Options Here

 

Materials

As mentioned earlier, the PetrolMaxx family of pumps consists of several pumps fitted for specific fuels. The materials used include: steel, aluminum, cast iron, ductile iron, nitrile, 316 SS, Viton, Ni-resist, and more.

 

Drive Options

You can fit a PetrolMaxx pump to a gas-engine, electric motor, or hydraulic motor. It is important to note that some fuel types may require the use of an explosion-proof motor or gas-engine.

Dultmeier sales builds pump units on baseplates for easy installation. The units are available close coupled to electric motors or engines, and long coupled to electric motors. There is also a complete fuel unit with a hose reel, pump, fuel filters, fuel nozzle, and base plate.

 

View All Pump & Engine Units

View Pump & Electric Motor Units

 

Final Thoughts

MP Pumps has been a reliable supplier for years offering a wide range of pump solutions. Dultmeier sales has relied on MP as a competitively priced and durable pump for the rigors of the primary industries we have served. Including the fertilizer and ag chemical world as well as for de-icing, industrial, and fuel transfer.

 

Tech Ag & Industrial Sales

Shane Blomendahl is a tech sales veteran at Dultmeier Sales with over 10+ years of experience in liquid handling products covering several industries and applications.

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